Saturday, 17 January 2009

Influences part 2: Aleksandr Petrov


Russian animator Aleksandr Petrov is an artist whose work you either know or you don't know: his style is so stunning and unique that it's almost impossible to mistake for anyone else.
He won the Academy Award for Animated Short Film in 1999 with The Old Man And The Sea, and has been nominated for the same award in 1990, 1998, and 2007 for The Cow, Mermaid, and My Love. (He also made a Chirstmas advert for Coca-Cola featuring Santa taking a drink of Coke - but that is his least stunning piece of work!)

Petrov creates his films by painting a frame of animation onto a single pane of glass and then editing the painting with his fingers to create the next frame of animation, and so on, and so on, for about 3 years at a time... The results are astonishing, and if you were to only ever see one piece of animation, I would suggest something by Petrov.

I first heard of Petrov's work last year, but I was instantly charmed by the quality of his painting style (an Impressionistic form of Romantic Realism), the quality of the animation movement, as well as the dynamic camera movements and morphs that occur throughout his films to both condense time and create more interesting transitions between scenes. His films have a brilliant and unique visual style that deserves to be seen by everyone, but I think his commercials are even greater! Pascal Blais Studios in Canada have some of his commercials available for viewing on their website. (Follow this link to their website, click 'Directors' and go to 'Alexander Petrov', then click on the various thumbnails along the bottom to view each astonishing clip - I would particularly recommend the United Airlines The Night clip to the right of the Coke Santa thumbnail).

Check this short clip of Aleksandr Petrov's latest film, My Love (2006), to realise why he is my favourite animator (if not one of my favourite artists).

For those that are interested, here are some of his films available to view on YouTube:
My Love (2006)

The Old Man And The Sea (1999)

And here are some interesting links about Petrov and his work:
Wikipedia entry about Petrov:

AWM article titled: The Old Man And The Sea: Hands Above The Rest?

Article titled: My Love: Animation Urges into Psychology

An interview with Petrov for Animation World Magazine (AWM)

Article in RussiaToday titled: Oscar-winning director reveals secrets of his art

Article in RussiaToday titled: Russian animator up for second Oscar

Friday, 16 January 2009

Influences part 1: eca animation dept

The opening post dedicated to my artistic influences is in regard to the animation department at Edinburgh College of Art, because without it my knowledge of animation would barely reach past anything further than Disney, Hanna-Barbera, and The Simpsons.
Through the tutors and my classmates I have learnt about the wide variety of ways in which animation can be used, and how animated works can look like something other than an anthropomorphic blob of flat colour with a black outline... For example: the cool music videos by Michel Gondry; the highly artistic Paint on Glass films of Aleksandr Petrov; the beguiling films of Yuri Norstein; and the abstract craziness of Norman McLaren or Len Lye...
I have been able to work on many graduation films directed by my friends in the years above me, which has given me a lot of experiences and useful advice about how to make my own graduation film this year. Many of those friends have, in some way, helped to develop my graduation film (through their art, their advice, or both), so here I shall praise them:

Erica Weiste:
I did most of the scanning and colouring on Erica's lovely little graduation film The Gardener. Erica has one of the nicest drawing styles I have seen in animation; I just wish the Photoshopping didn't hide the beautiful line quality - but it's still a really nice film. The Gardener has been screened at the Flip Festival in Wolverhampton (England) and at the Kettupäivät Film Festival in Helsinki (Finland) both during November 2008. Working with Erica throughout the last year was a wonderful experience, and I would love to work with her again in the future.
My work with Erica last year has given me an extremely accurate timetable for all the scanning that I will need to do in my own film [does anyone want to test it to the nearest minute?], and she introduced me to some of the animators who I have found to be influential on my own work - such as Piotr Dumala and Michael Dudok de Wit. While I was searching for Dumala's version of Crime & Punishment (after Erica told me about it) I stumbled across the live-action film by Finnish director Aki Kaurismäki - who has also become a big film influence on me recently!

Alison Cross:
Ally made the beautiful 2D stopmotion film Tale Soup (in a style loosely similar to the work of Yuri Norstein). Although not complete, the film is visually stunning and is my favourite from last year [sorry to disappoint the rest of her class!].
Ally had a lot of great story ideas, was always friendly and approachable (even after spending a full month working RIDICULOUSLY hard on her film prior to the deadline), and she is also [to some extent] responsible for the sarcastic humour that I developed throughout the last year ("Ally, I've bought you a cake for your birthday. But I ate it"). This sarcastic humour culminated with my pitch for a short film called The Invisible Cat "where you see nothing, it's just a blank screen... but you might hear some cat sounds"). As I have written in an earlier post, Ally had a lot of those cool 3D bookcover photographs by Thomas Allen as research, and she did some early visual tests for her film using illustrations by Arthur Rackham - whose work recently influenced the drawing style of the storyboards for my graduation film.

Jessica Cope:
Jess has a really cool expressionist style in all her artwork, which I have always found really interesting. Her influences (as listed on the BBC Film Network) include Edward Gorey, Brian Froud, and Tim Burton - each of which I have found relevant to the development of my graduation film to various extents. I helped Jess with her 3rd Year museum project for the 20 Years Of Pixar exhibition when I was in 2nd Year, and through that work I learnt how to set-up the scanner for animation, how to colour frames of animation with Photoshop, and how her film would later get edited together in Premiere and AfterEffects (things I would otherwise not have known much about until at least a year later!) Jess' great graduation film The Owl House was a big influence on my desire to produce a 3D stopmotion film this year, but the story for my film no longer suits that technique, so regrettably I won't be doing it this year...
(Jess can share with Ally part of the responsibility for my sarcastic humour leading up to The Invisible Cat; so thanks you two, I really enjoyed last year!)

Lynn Gerlach:
Lynn came to eca on exchange from HGK in Luzern (Switzerland) for two terms of 3rd Year while I was in 2nd Year. Lynn was not here for very long, but she left a big impressions on me - I was fascinated with the film she made for the museum project (a 2D stopmotion style like Tale Soup but with a Japanese theme), she gave me lots of critical/interesting feedback about animation that I have not had from anyone else in Edinburgh, and she introduced me to the conceptual animations of Paul Bush (a part-time tutor at HGK) which uses various unusual techniques that I would like to experiment with at some point in the future.

Julia Petitperrin:
Since helping Julia with her graduation film Another Nasty Little Character last year I have realised that it can offer me a lot of relevant experience for my graduation film. Julia used an unusual colouring method for her film - of rendering everything in a minimalist grey/black tone with crosshatched pencil or ballpoint pen over a plain white background.
She was animating on 12" animation paper, whereas I plan on animating with a 35mm field size, but Julia's loose rendering style is directly linked to the look of my film. The colouring is voluminous and the lines are very noticeable, yet rather than looking messy and abstract, it created a very vibrant aesthetic for the film. With my film I plan on drawing with ballpoint pens on a much smaller scale than Julia, therefore on the cinema screen my film should also look really vibrant. However I am slightly concerned that my drawing style could become too vibrant and therefore make the film look really abstract - as I had initially feared would happen to Julia's film.

I will also mention:
- Lora Jensen whose graduation film Harold & Margaret I worked on while in 2nd Year, and which was recently screened at the Exposures Film Festival in Manchester. Lora's colouring technique inspired some of the colouring techniques that I later experimented with in my own work during 3rd Year.

- Bob Robinson and his graduation film STYX, which was shown at the Edinburgh International Film Festival in June 2008.
Bob recently e-mailed me some photos of the miniature sets that he built for his film and also gave me some advice about how to do it effectively because I was planning on incorporating a similar technique into my film.

- Ewan Green who has been a great classmate since 1st Year, always has lots of constructive feedback, and was a strong director when we worked together on a project for the 2007 Degree Show in 2nd Year.

- Our tutor Alan Mason who almost always persists with his Friday Film Show, and which has over the course of the past 3 years slowly been responsible for me spending a ridiculous amount of time and money buying/renting/watching films. I barely had any films on VHS or DVD when I was in 1st Year at eca, and my cultural acknowledgment of film back then probably went from the odd mainstream cinema release to Aardman animations on TV with little else in between! Nowadays I have a bookcase stacked full (and then some more) with DVDs and a few VHS tapes of films from countries including: Japan, Finland, Germany, and France - with directors such as Kaurismäki, Tarantino, Godard, Hitchcock, and Burton... (Don't ask me what my favourite type of film is, because thanks to Alan I now watch just about anything)!

- Dr Jonny Murray for the last two years of CVCS seminars/lectures. [In 1st Year and 2nd Year I never thought I would want to thank somebody who tries to lecture us about Modernism and Postmodernism and other random modern art nonsense; but for these last two years Jonny has been providing us with much more stimulating seminars focusing on Film & Animation]. 3rd Year's What's Up Doc? Introducing Animation module was interesting, and the big bad 4th Year project was great! Not only did the lectures/seminars get better as each year progressed, but they gradually became more and more relevant to my own studio work by critically analyzing processes and debating the reasons for animation being the way it is today... Unfortunately my CVCS research has given me a huge prejudice against all CGI work, but I'm now trying to remedy this.

Thursday, 15 January 2009

Influences

Here is a list of my artistic influences from various art disciplines. (The list will grow as my own work develops over time).
I aim to write about the work of each artist and highlight how they influence me so that readers can learn more about my influences, and hopefully gain something from this.
So that readers can easily access more information about any of the artists listed, I have linked most of the artists' names to either the blog post that I have already written about their work, or to an appropriate website that showcases their work...

FROM ANIMATION:
- The animation department at ECA
- Piotr Dumala
- Aleksandr Petrov
- Yuri Nortsein - watch video on YouTube
- Michael Dudok de Wit - see work at ACME Filmworks.com
- Aleksandra Korejwo - her website
- Caroline Leaf - her website
- Paul Bush - his website
- Pixar - their website
- Aardman - their website
- Hanna-Barbera - read Wikipedia article
- The Fleischer Brothers - read Wikipedia article
- Walt Disney - read Wikipedia article

FROM FILM:
- Alfred Hitchcock
- Jean-Luc Godard
- Aki Kaurismäki
- Quentin Tarantino
- Tim Burton
- David Lynch - read Wikipedia article
- Martin Scorsese - read Wikipedia article
- Michel Gondry - see work at Partizan.com
- Nicolas Provost - his website
- French New Wave film theories - read Wikipedia article
- RKO Radio Pictures & Film Noir

FROM PAINTING:
- Edward Hopper
- Berthe Morisot
- Vincent Van Gogh
- Paul Cezanne
- Pierre-Auguste Renoir
- Claude Monet
- Mary Cassatt - see work at MaryCassatt.org
- Rembrandt
- Vermeer
- Gil Elvgren
- J.D. Fergusson
- Camille Pissarro
- Wassily Kandinsky
- Pablo Picasso
- Banksy - his website

FROM ILLUSTRATION:
- Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
- Arthur Rackham
- Edward Gorey
- Gustave Dore
- Frank Miller
- Tim Sale - his website
- Rene Gruau
- Zina Saunders

FROM PHOTOGRAPHY:
- Thomas Allen
- Henri Cartier Bresson

MISC:
- Romanticism
- Art Deco
- Art Nouveau
- Gothic art
- Expressionism
- Music videos - blog post 1
- Music videos - blog post 2
- TV adverts - blog post 1

Wednesday, 14 January 2009

Genius! (explained)

The problem with modern animation is that it looks too real.

All too often the creator(s) of modern animation focus on producing slick graphics that imitate the smooth texture of a photograph, rather than unashamedly displaying the artistic processes that went into creating the image. The final result is eye-catching and commercially appealing, but lacks the magical quality inherent in traditional techniques, and therefore the lack of magic makes the slick graphics of modern animation become stale quickly.

Traditional methods of animation are usually associated with a rough and clunky texture in their aesthetics, which (especially in today's market where slickness is expected), makes it look quite tacky. However it is this "tackiness" that is the defining feature of visually appealing animation.
This clunkiness proudly displays how the animated image was created, and makes no attempt to hide the nature of the work, therefore making it feel like a piece of art that can simply be admired or (if one wishes) to be deeply analyzed in order to get a greater understanding of the making of the work. Modern animation on the other hand is constantly striving to increase the slickness of its graphics, and to hide the personal touches of the artist or to hide the pixels that built up the image. By doing this the modern work attempts to trick the audience into believing it is a living object and not an artwork: we are then obliged to accept that it is a living object and to ignore the artistic processes that created the image.
The other problem with modern animation is that their slickness tries to aesthetically imitate reality rather than display a new and exciting technological interpretation of reality. No matter how realistic the image looks, there are always subtle differences between it and reality - the texture, shading, atmosphere - so it always looks slightly plastic and wrong. Undoubtedly there are fantastic looking CGI animations and computer games being released today, but when they portray a subject from reality it never looks completely perfect, and is therefore not as satisfying. The plastic appearance of CGI is the reason why no CGI character has looked as good as the toy characters in Toy Story (1995): the toy characters from reality that the film characters are based upon were made from plastic, which the CGI in the film reflects perfectly - therefore the aesthetics of the plastic protagonists looks fantastic, whereas the natural elements of the film - the people, tress, food - looks very plastic, yet even in later films like Wall-E still looks slightly wrong...

Traditional animation processes may not be as popular as CGI in the commercial animation market today due to time constraints, budgets and whatever other limitations, but the artistic nature of traditional animation means it will always look more interesting. For instance,
- The CGI King Kong (2005) moves realistically and has fantastic detail, but it does not seem to be a real living gorilla (or giant gorilla, or whatever Kong may be). He moves like a real living character and in the film appears to be made from the same material [CGI] as the environments that he both comes from and terrorizes - therefore it looks like he belongs in both those environments and makes his terrorism feel less threatening. Compare this to the 3D stopmotion King Kong (1933) where he moves in a clunky manner and looks obviously like an animated puppet, and it becomes obvious how traditional animation is better. The 1933 Kong looked terrifying, but not because he looks realistic. His clunkiness makes him look unreal (reflecting how King King was not real in the myth that existed about him before his capture), and because he is not made from the same material as the environments that he inhabits within the film he looks like an alien and therefore poses a much greater aesthetic danger to the people in the film.
Despite which ever animation process you may prefer, which one is going to capture your interest when channel hoping on the TV? Is it the slick and hyper-real CGI Kong or the clunky stopmotion puppet? I'd bet you will be more beguiled by the obvious crudeness of the puppet rather than the subtle crudeness of the CGI.
- Computer games look more stunning than ever before, but their slickness does not look as magical as previous graphics. Which graphics most stimulate you? Is it the simple 2D pixels of early arcade games, or the hyper-real slickness of 21st Century games? Perhaps it is the modern games, but will you spend more time talking about the graphics that look real than the graphics that have artistic designs, colours, and unusual features?
- What kind of paintings are more interesting to admire over many years? Realist paintings have a stunning quality because we cannot imagine how to create such an image, but as soon as we uncover a subtle brushmark we quickly realise how the entire image was painted, and therefore lose interest in the realism... On the other hand, Impressionism and such painting styles make no attempt to hide their construction, therefore we examine the technique as well as how it works to create the fuller image. This artistry is what makes art stimulating.